Among the large number of ideas for starting your own business in the agricultural sector, goat breeding as a business, the profitability of which makes it possible to hope for significant profits, deserves special attention. What is the appeal of goat farming as a business?

Benefits of keeping goats:

• Goats are one of the most picky animals, able to withstand even harsh feeding and housing conditions;
• When opening a small goat farm, you can receive assistance from the state in the form of non-repayable subsidies and preferential loans;
• Starting this business does not require significant start-up capital;
• – this is an almost waste-free production: milk, meat, manure, wool can be turned into money;
• There is a fairly low level of competition in this area, which makes it possible to easily occupy a certain niche in this market.

However, when starting your business in this direction, you should not grab onto everything at once, you need to clearly highlight priorities and taking this into account, select a goat breed that will best satisfy these goals. Why do you need to thoroughly know the situation on the market for the products that interest you? Based on the information collected, it will be possible to make certain forecasts, select the necessary breeds of goats and draw up a business plan for a goat farm.

Goat products

Most people are skeptical about goat products, but this stereotype has no real basis for its existence. Let's look at this issue by examining in detail the products of this area of ​​livestock farming.

Goat meat

Negative reason attitude towards goat meat is the bad smell of animals, which appears due to their metabolism.

To prevent this, you need to:

• keep females and males separate;
• very carefully and carefully remove the skin from the animals, and then rinse the carcass well.

By following these simple rules, you will receive a valuable product with a huge range of useful qualities.

Nutritionists advise People of any age should consume goat meat, since it is much better digestible than beef or pork.

Goat meat contains many beneficial amino acids, minerals, vitamins and proteins, as well as other microelements important for health. Moreover, it contains much less cholesterol than lamb, veal or pork.

Many people think that goat breeding as a business is not very profitable. After all, you can get significantly less milk from a goat than from a cow. But few people know that goats are also valued for their meat and magnificent fluff, which can also be used to make a profit.

Business Features

Despite the fact that a goat produces 2-6 liters of milk per day, goat farming as a business on dairy products is very profitable. Goat's milk is considered much healthier than cow's milk. In addition, it is recommended as a replacement for breastfeeding babies, for removing radionuclides, etc. Therefore, it costs much more than cow milk.

A good income is brought in not only by selling goat milk, but also by selling young animals for breeding. First of all, for those who are planning to start a goat business. Breeding this cattle for meat is considered slightly less profitable, since it has specific taste qualities.

Another line of business is the sale of goat down. It produces thin but strong threads that can retain heat well. Therefore, the demand for down is very high.

How to register a business

First of all, a goat farm business plan involves registering a business. It is best to register as an individual entrepreneur and obtain a OGRN certificate. OKVED is chosen as follows: goat breeding, sale of dairy products. After this, you need to submit a request to the local administration to rent or purchase land for a farm and pastures. Then you need to obtain a technical passport for the construction of a farm building and a cadastral number for the land. When the farm is built, you need to take care of permission from Rospotrebnadzor to operate.

In addition to these papers, you will need permission from the fire inspectorate, as well as the environmental service. After all these permissions, you can register the ownership of the land and farm. The easiest way is to leave all formal issues to a competent lawyer.

Setting up a farm

Today you can open a farm with the least investment if you rent and refurbish an old cowshed or stable, of which there are many in rural areas. It is also more profitable to rent land for pastures.

The room where animals will be kept must be heated, ventilated, have an optimal level of humidity, sewerage, and running water. Goats love warmth. Therefore, it is better to equip your own boiler room on the farm. Also make sure that there are no drafts in the room. The floor must be covered with straw and changed regularly. Goats are very clean animals.

A room intended for keeping goats must have the following areas:

• for young animals;
• for adult dairy goats;
• for pregnant goats;
• for a sire goat.

The area of ​​the room is allocated at the rate of 4 square meters. m. per individual. It must be equipped with feeders and drinkers. Goats are usually kept untied.

Separately on the farm it is necessary to provide a room for storing feed and a separate room for processing dairy products. To increase milk production, it is important to provide animals with free range.

Equipment

As a rule, the main activity of a farm is milk production. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to purchase milking machines according to the number of milking goats. This equipment is not cheap. Therefore, in order to save money, you can purchase cow devices, given that a goat will only need two suction cups, not four.

Choosing a breed

The range in cost of animals of different breeds is quite large. Therefore, first you need to decide on a budget, and based on it, decide what breed of goats to purchase. The most popular breeds are:

• Tenburg;
• Saanen;
• Russian;
• Gorkovskaya

They are easiest to breed at home. It is better to purchase animals from specialized farms that will provide all the necessary documentation: confirmation of the breed, vaccinations, etc.

Western breeds	Milk yield for 305 days, l	Per day, on average, l	Fat,%	Proteins,%	Fat+Proteins,	Fat+Proteins,	Lactation, months (days)	Weight goats, kg	Offspring,%
Saanen	1121	3,67	3,3	2,9	6,1	69,5	11(330)	70	225
Alpine	1107	3,63	3,2	2,9	6,2	67,4	10,5(315)	80	220
Toggenburg	1045	3,43	3,0	2,7	5,7	59,6	10,5(315)	55	260
Lamancha	1013	3,32	3,9	3,1	7,0	71,0	11(330)	60	180
Oberhasli	1002	3,29	3,7	2,9	6,6	67,32	10,5(315)	55	180
Nubian	814	2,67	4,8	3,7	8,5	69,19	10,5(315)	45	280
Local breeds	Milk yield per lactation	Per day, on average, l	Fat,%	Proteins,%	Fat+Proteins,	Fat+Proteins,	Lactation, months (days)	Weight goats, kg	Offspring,%
Russian white	500	2,2	4,2	3,2	7,4	37,0	7,5(225)	50	200
Gorkovskaya	450	1,6	4,0	3,1	7,1	32,0	9(270)	50	190
Mingrelian treacherous	325	1,5	3,7	3,0	6,7	21,8	7,5(225)	40	150
Megrelianmountain	225	1,4	3,7	3,1	6,8	15,5	5,5(165)	50	130

Animal diet

The basis of a goat’s diet, like a cow’s, is fresh grass in the warm season and hay in the cold season. In summer, the pasture should be divided into zones and the goats grazed in them in turn so that the grass has time to grow.

During the winter, one goat eats about 400 kg or up to 2 kg of hay per day. But the animals’ diet must include root vegetables, mineral supplements and concentrated feed. Goats need to be watered often. Give cool water twice a day and warm water three times a day.

Service staff

Taking care of goats on your own is quite difficult. They need to be regularly fed, watered, walked, stalls cleaned, and the pasture looked after. Therefore, it is necessary to hire several workers. In addition, workers will be needed to collect and process milk. At the initial stage, you can get by with 1-2 employees. You also need to hire a veterinarian or arrange for a visiting veterinarian to serve the farm.

Business profitability

Let's calculate the costs for a small farm of three goats. If you have your own pasture, you can store hay for the winter, and spend money only on feeding in the summer. They will cost approximately 10 thousand rubles. Separate funds must be allocated for the purchase of goat kids - 10 thousand rubles. for one. If you managed to find premises for keeping, another 10 thousand rubles. it is necessary to allocate 5 thousand rubles for its repair. - for transportation costs. About 8 thousand rubles. It's worth keeping in reserve for unexpected expenses. In total, the starting price of the business is approximately 75 thousand rubles.

Farm profitability

Goats begin milking at approximately one year and 9 months of age. In a year, three goats can produce 720 liters of milk, a liter of which costs 30-120 rubles. depending on the sales region. That is, from at least three goats a year you can earn 21.6 thousand rubles. Investments in them will pay off in three years.

However, it must be taken into account that during this time the number of the herd will increase. Therefore, profit can be made from the sale of breeding offspring and meat. Therefore, on average, the profitability of a goat farm is about 20%, and it can pay for itself in just two years. There is practically no competition in this area, but the demand for products, especially goat milk, is very high.

Are you looking for possible options on where to start your business? Then maybe you should turn your attention to goats? Let's say right away that this is not an easy task! As a business, the profitability of this business is low. But with the right approach, this can turn out to be quite a profitable business, because goat milk is a very valuable product.

Let's not beat around the bush for too long. The greatest benefit in a business such as goat farming can be obtained in two ways. The first is the sale of goat milk and other dairy products, such as cheese, sour cream, etc. Now a little about why the sale of dairy products is in the first place, because a goat produces small milk yields from 2 to 6 liters of milk. Compared to a cow, this is very little.

But goat milk is much healthier than cow milk and is even the number one substitute for breast milk for a nursing mother. Then it is capable of removing radionuclides and has a number of medicinal properties, which we can talk about for a very long time. Therefore, there will always be a demand for such a product. Another good news for the domestic farmer is that only foreign products can be found on store shelves.

The price of such milk is quite high, and if a farmer launches his own product, which will be much cheaper, then there should be no problems with sales either. Further, significant benefits can be obtained from raising pedigree young stock for sale. Although the demand here is much less, the price of 1 breeding buck or female goat is worth the cost. Raising animals for meat is considered a less profitable area.

But if you have a large population, you will have to take up this direction as well. And finally, a good, but also inconsistent income can be obtained from the sale of goat down. Sales here are not doing very well. As we see, such a business has many prospects. But there are also disadvantages, the most significant of which are the low milk productivity of goats and the mandatory initial purchase of purebred breeding animals.

So, the profitability of such a business today is only 20%. But with a competent approach to business and a well-thought-out business plan, payback occurs within 2 years. So, in general, we can assume that goat farming is a fairly profitable activity.

Let's start our business from scratch

So, you have an idea to turn goat farming into a profitable business. But one idea, as they say, is not enough. First you need to decide which one to start with, at what age and quantity to purchase them. Then where to buy. Next, you need to build or rent a room where the animals will be kept. At the same time, it is advisable not to forget that goats should spend most of the day grazing, so you need to take care of this too.

There will also be a lot of paperwork, because you will need to become an individual entrepreneur. To open a business, you still need to certify and take a bunch of important pieces of paper from various government services. It is also important not to forget about what and how we will feed our pets. And only after thinking through all this and receiving the necessary documents can you start the business and begin purchasing young animals.

What documents are needed for registration?

You need to start by submitting an application to the tax office for registration of an individual entrepreneur and obtaining a OGRN certificate. Next, we submit an application to the city administration for the purchase or lease of land where the farm will be, as well as land for grazing, with further receipt of a technical certificate for the building and a cadastral number for the land. The next step will be to obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from Rosprotrebnadzor, which does not prohibit the farm’s activities.

Then we get permits from the environmental inspectorate and firefighters, because without these permits the farm will not be able to function. Finally, we register the received ownership rights to the farm (building) and land. At this point, the paperwork can be considered completed.

Technical nuances for setting up a farm

It will be cheaper not to build a building where the goats will be kept, but to rent and refurbish old barns, stables and other suitable buildings. Land for grazing will also be much easier and cheaper to rent. Then it should be warm and without excessive moisture. You also need to take care of sewerage, water supply, ventilation and heating in advance. In addition, it is necessary to equip a workshop for processing raw materials (milk) and equip a room for storing feed.

The building itself for keeping goats should consist of several separate sections. These are: a section for young animals, for adult milking animals, for mothers who are preparing to give birth and a separate compartment for the producer goat. The area of ​​each room should be allocated taking into account the fact that for the comfortable maintenance of 1 individual you need at least 4 square meters. Next, be sure to arrange feeders and drinkers. Let us immediately tell you that it is more profitable to keep goats indoors without a tether, so they will feel more natural.

Then you should not forget about the purchase. It will become indispensable if you plan to gain fairly large momentum.

What can be said about choosing the optimal diet?

There were no special tricks here. A goat's diet is very similar to. Its basis is green grass in summer and hay in winter. If there is summer grazing, problems with feeding should not arise. It is important to divide the grazing area into several smaller zones. This way, the goats will not trample the good grass, and you can constantly alternate grazing so that new grass has time to grow.

In winter, on average, 400 kg of hay need to be prepared per individual. We should not forget about succulent feeds, such as Jerusalem artichoke, beets, etc. Then, concentrated feeds and mineral supplements must be included in the diet. As for drinking, there are two nuances. You should drink it 2 times a day in cool weather and three times in warm weather. Then it is better to always give warmed water.

Sample business plan and calculations

So, let’s say you have grazing, you can easily prepare part of the feed in the form of hay yourself. Then you will only need to spend about 10,000 rubles. for vitamin and mineral supplements. Next, let’s say you decide to buy 3 purebred kids for 10,000 rubles. for everyone. Total 30,000 rub.

Let’s also assume that you have a barn for keeping animals, you just need to bring it to life, which will cost about another 10,000 rubles. Now we need to make a shed for storing feed, and this is another plus of 10,000 rubles. You can allocate 5,000 rubles as an allowance for transportation costs. Then you can allocate another 8-10 thousand rubles for unforeseen expenses. In the end, it turned out that we needed about 75,000 rubles to get started.

As you can see, the amount is not large, but we are starting with only three kids and with the expectation that we already have a barn for keeping and land for grazing and making hay. We can say that this is an excellent business option for a resident of a rural area.

Business profitability

We have already calculated our expenses, but what about our income? The kids we purchased will be able to produce milk only after 1 year and ten months. It is planned to obtain at least 720 liters of milk from them per year. The cost of a liter of goat milk ranges from 30 to 120 rubles. Let’s estimate the minimum income from 720 liters and it will be about 21,600 rubles. Thus, gradually gaining momentum, we will be able to recoup our business only in three years.

But in three years our livestock will have increased several times, then we will have breeding offspring, which can also be sold, and this will be an additional profit. The conclusion is that goat farming as a business is not such an easy task. Its profitability is only 18-20%. Therefore, whether to engage in it or not is up to you to decide based on your capabilities and needs.

Video “Home Farm - About Goats”

This material explains exactly why an animal like a goat is useful and why it is profitable to keep it. It also shows how to care for her and how to feed her.

Today, agriculture is actively developing due to the increasing demand for organic food. Goat breeding can be a help to livestock breeders specializing in keeping other types of domestic animals, as well as an independent business organized from scratch. In any case, it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities of this activity, since only a competent approach to the matter will lead to the extraction of a stable income.

Goat breeding as a business: advantages and disadvantages

Raising goats is not too difficult a task compared to keeping cows, especially for those who have already had experience caring for small livestock, but in general, goat raising is a labor-intensive type of farming.

The main components of their successful maintenance are:

• setting aside a fenced area where goats could graze;
• arrangement of a comfortable room for overnight accommodation and milking of livestock;
• proper feeding of animals and their careful maintenance;
• competent choice of breed depending on breeding purposes and maintaining its purity;
• timely vaccination.

If you consider all the above aspects, goat farming will become a profitable activity. There are 3 target areas of goat business:

• raising goats for meat;
• keeping them for milk production;
• caring for goats to collect wool;
• breeding of valuable breeds of breeding goats for further sale of kids.

Today there are about 30 goat farms in Russia, with more than 300 goats and 4 farms with a thousand goats. All other goats are kept in 3-4 head each in private household plots throughout the country.

Like any other business, goat farming has its pros and cons.

Goat milk has many beneficial properties

Table: advantages and disadvantages of goat farming business

Advantages	Flaws
Goat milk is in great demand due to its beneficial properties.	Difficulties in reaching the maximum farm load due to the reluctance of retail chains to deal with private farmers
Goat meat is rarely found in stores	You need to have knowledge in the field of goat breeding and farm management, otherwise there is a risk of ruin
Goat wool is very popular and is actively used for the production of hosiery and yarn.	Low profitability
A small area is enough for goats to walk, unlike cattle.	Care must be taken to maintain the purity of the breed
Keeping goats is beneficial in terms of purchasing feed	Some goat breeds are difficult to find and buy
Low level of competition	It is difficult to find a plot of land with the possibility of connecting to communications
Participation in government farming support programs is possible	The need to maintain large livestock to achieve economic efficiency of the enterprise
The business can be expanded by launching your own dairy production	-
No significant costs for owners of their own land plots	-

In order to start a goat breeding business, you must go through the following preparatory stages:

1. Decide what will be sold in the end - dairy products, wool, meat, young animals, or all at once.
2. Draw up a business plan, study the risks, assess the feasibility of the undertaking, and familiarize yourself with the rules for keeping animals.
3. Register as an individual entrepreneur and register with the tax service.
4. Find a piece of land for walking animals.
5. Build (purchase) and prepare the premises.
6. Purchase the necessary equipment and feed.
7. Decide on a sales channel for finished products.
8. Buy goats of the selected breed.

If you approach the issue of opening a goat farm correctly, you can avoid unjustified financial losses and speed up the return on investment of your business.

Goat milk business

The demand for goat milk is high and stable due to its beneficial properties:

• goat milk is recognized as the best hypoallergenic breast milk substitute for babies;
• it is capable of cleansing the human body of radionuclides;
• goat milk contains a large amount of proteins, vitamins, micro- and macroelements (potassium, iodine, iron, calcium);
• polyunsaturated acids of milk fat normalize cholesterol levels in the blood, restore the body's protective functions and increase immunity;
• Goat milk is healthier than cow milk - it contains more retinol, carotene, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol;
• Goat milk is fatty and high in calories, but is easily absorbed by the body. In addition, it has good taste;
• it is popular in cosmetology - products based on it have a beneficial effect on the appearance of skin and hair.

Goat milk is used in the treatment and prevention of asthma, bronchitis and tuberculosis due to the immunoglobulin it contains.

Goats begin to produce milk from 14 months, but due to the peculiarities of goat selection in Russia, animals have to give birth every year in order for them to have it, and in the last 2 months before giving birth it disappears. Therefore, the lactation period of a goat is 10 months a year.

A good goat can produce up to 700 liters of milk annually, and during its life the animal manages to go through 5–7 lactation periods. Due to their increased metabolism, high-yielding goats live on average up to 8–9 years.

On Dutch farms, goats give birth once in their lives, after which they produce milk for 3–5 years.

Experienced farmers have concluded that a dairy goat farm is the only way to make a significant profit from goat breeding.

Sale of goat hair

To make a profit, the business of producing goat fluff, wool and skins must be supplemented by the procurement and processing of milk, as well as the sale of meat from culled or adult goats.

Goat hair and down are raw materials for the manufacture of warm and environmentally friendly blankets, hosiery, down jackets, scarves and yarn. The skins are used to make shoes and decorative items.

The chance of concluding an agreement with a factory that is ready to purchase raw materials from private farmers is small. Often you have to learn how to process down, make yarn, and knit winter clothing. You can sell goods on the market or via the Internet, but then there is no talk of serious business.

The production of wool and fluff can be a side hustle, but the profitability of the business is achieved only by processing milk.

From one goat, depending on the breed, you can get from 300 to 900 grams of wool every year

Sales of goat meat

A meat farm will not need equipment for milking, but practice shows that raising goats for meat is unprofitable. Meat processing plants do not want to buy goat meat from farmers; it can only be useful for specific regional food products. It makes sense to only slaughter culled dairy goats.

Goat diseases are difficult to treat; even a short-term draft provokes pneumonia and up to 60% of livestock deaths. The mortality rate of newborn goats is 50%, which leads to high costs.

Another reason why goat meat farming is inappropriate is poor feed conversion per kilogram of goat weight. To ensure rapid, full growth of the kid, it needs to be fed with mother's milk. He drinks up to 100 liters of milk, which could be sold. In 2.5 months, the young grow only up to 13 kg. The meat yield is 45%, which is an average of 5 kg of meat, the cost of which is 6 thousand rubles. Goat meat is sold by farmers for 65 rubles per kg, as is a liter of milk.

Conclusion - the most efficient use of resources and space to produce goat milk will be.

To sell goat meat, it is better to enter into an agreement with a restaurant

Raising purebred kids

The advantage of a farm where goats are bred for the purpose of producing offspring for sale is the fact that there is no need to purchase milking equipment. It becomes unnecessary to obtain permits for food production and quality certificates.

Goats typically produce two kids per goat. An animal can give birth every year. If obtaining milk is not the main goal of the enterprise, then the goat will live 15–17 years, and the productive life expectancy will be 10–12 years.

Even in the case of a dairy farm, raising young animals is more profitable than buying them. There is practically no place to purchase purebred livestock in Russia, and it is expensive. The purchase of a kid, its transportation from Europe, veterinary measures and payment of VAT will cost the farmer approximately 700 euros in total.

The cost of a self-raised goat is about 12,000–15,000 rubles, and it can be sold for 30,000–40,000 rubles.

Breeding productive breeds of goats is a promising activity in Russia due to the shortage and high cost of many varieties of goat kids, but to obtain permits and the status of a breeder, it is necessary to go through a complex bureaucratic procedure and have a livestock of 30 thousand goats. Otherwise, you can only count on small businesses and low income at the local level.

Buying a purebred kid in Europe will cost 700 euros

Goat farming business plan

Before deciding to open a goat farm, you need to carefully assess your own capabilities and risks. A well-thought-out business plan will make it clear that the small turnover of an enterprise will soon ruin it, and large-scale production will require huge investments. Even if you manage to collect initial capital through personal funds, loans and government subsidies, the profitability of a goat breeding business will be 18–20%.

Production plan for a goat farming business

When developing a production plan for a goat farm, it is necessary to take into account the needs of goats and the specifics of their maintenance.

Feeding and milking are carried out at a certain time, otherwise the stress of the animals will lead to a decrease in milk yield. Vaccination should be carried out by an experienced veterinarian after receiving the results of the goat's blood test.

Goats require a special diet and living conditions on the farm. They need special milking machines, not cow ones.

The main component of a goat breeding business is the goats themselves, and the amount of revenue depends on their health.

Goats require special housing conditions, feeding and daily routine

Choosing a goat breed for breeding

There are more than 60 breeds of goats in the world today; breeders continue to work on developing new breeds.

The most popular breeds in Russia are:

Saanenskys. Dairy-meat breed. They are distinguished by their large weight (an adult - up to 90 kg, newborn kids - 3–5 kg), fertility, early puberty, and high productivity (they produce up to 800 liters of milk per year, the lactation period is 10–11 months).

The Saanen goat breed is a dairy goat.

Toggenburg. Also a dairy breed. They easily tolerate acclimatization and are used to improve local breeds.

The Toggenburg breed is popular due to the ability of goats to acclimatize easily

Russians. Dairy-meat breed. Popular due to its ease of care.

Goats of the Russian breed are easy to keep

Azerbaijani rough-haired. Milk-meat-wool breed. It is inferior in productivity to other listed breeds, but produces a large amount of goat fluff.

Azerbaijani coarse-haired goats are selected for their large amount of fluff.

Angora. The breed is bred mainly for the production of fluff and long soft wool, but milk can also be obtained from it along the way, and at the age of 6–7 years (the fluff is combed out before this time) the goats are slaughtered for meat.

Angora goats are prized for their long, thick hair.

Selection and preparation of premises

The main rule when arranging a room for keeping goats is that it should be dry, warm and cleaned in a timely manner. It is better to have your own sewerage system, water supply and boiler room.

One goat should have at least 4 m2 of area. There should be enough feeders and drinkers for each individual. Preference should be given to stall housing; free-range breeding - it is better to refuse a leash.

The walls of the farm are built from insulated layered masonry. It is recommended not to pour concrete on the floor of the stall. Bedding must be provided. It is necessary to regularly add straw and change the entire layer at least 2 times a month, depending on the number of animals.

The premises should be divided into a pen for young animals, a place for dairy goats and a maternity room.

Goat farm equipment

Farmers claim that domestic milking machines are less reliable and productive than foreign ones. With regard to refrigeration equipment, preference is also given to foreign manufacturers.

The equipment, without which the functioning of a large goat farm is impossible, including tractors, mixers and loaders, was not much more expensive abroad before the change in the exchange rate than in Russia, and therefore was imported from Europe. However, with the devaluation of the ruble, farmers have to purchase domestic and Belarusian analogues.

Procurement of feed for goats

On average, one goat requires 0.7 bags of crushed grain and 2-3 rolls of hay per month (in winter) or free access to fresh fodder plants in the field (in summer). Goats consume alfalfa, hay, haylage, and concentrates. It is not advisable to give silage - the milk subsequently smells sour.

A goat is a small animal, but it eats 2–3 rolls of hay per month

Table: daily diet of a goat

Organizational and legal plan for a goat breeding business

Before purchasing equipment and searching for a farm, you need to decide on the expected volume of production, the willingness to risk personal property in the event of debt, the desire to develop and reach the global level. This is necessary to choose the organizational and legal form of doing business and the taxation regime.

Business registration

It is necessary to legalize the business - register the enterprise and obtain all the necessary permits to conduct activities.

1. If you plan to open a small goat farm, it is better to give preference to the organizational and legal form of individual entrepreneurship (IP). In the case of organizing large-scale production, it will be more profitable to open an LLC. When filling out the application, indicate the activity codes (OKVED) depending on the direction of production:
   • 01.45.1 (breeding);
   • 01.45.2 (production of raw milk);
   • 01.45.3 (production of unwashed wool and hair);
   • 01.45.4 (breeding goats);
   • 01.62 (haircut services);
   • 10.11 (production of plucked wool);
   • 10.51 (milk processing).
2. Regarding the issue of renting or purchasing land for a cattle farm, you need to contact the administration of the locality.
3. Then you need to contact the State Committee for Land Resources to carry out land surveying of the selected area and prepare technical documentation, subject to approval by several government services.
4. The received papers are submitted to the Land Cadastre Center, and the plot is assigned a cadastral number.
5. The technical administration department (formerly BTI) issues a technical passport for the farm building.
6. Rospotrebnadzor and the fire inspectorate give an opinion regarding the organization of the farm. Rospotrebnadzor also issues permission to sell products - examinations will be carried out.

Choosing a tax system

The amount of profit after paying all taxes and fees depends on the correct choice of taxation system.

Business registration is the first step to legal activities

Table: comparative analysis of tax regimes

Comparative characteristics	BASIC	Unified agricultural tax	simplified tax system	UTII	PSN
Taxes paid	personal income tax; land; transport; trade; property.	Unified Agricultural	single tax; trade; land; transport.	single tax; land; transport.	patent price; land; transport.
Tax rate	income tax - 20% (sometimes 0–30%); VAT - 0%, 10%, 18%; property - 2% (individual entrepreneur) and 2.2% (for LLC); Personal income tax - 13–30%.	6%	1–6% (for simplified tax system “Income”); 5–15% (for the simplified tax system “Income minus expenses”).	15%	6%
Object of taxation	amount of income, profit; property.	The amount of profit minus costs	profit (for the simplified tax system “Income”); profit minus expenses (for the simplified tax system “Income minus expenses”).	Imputed income	Potential profit
Restrictions	No	only for agricultural and fish processing industries; the share of revenue from core activities is at least 70% of total income.	maximum 100 employees; maximum revenue - 60 million rubles.	no more than 100 employees; limited list of services provided.	individual entrepreneur only; the list of activities is limited.

Collection of documentation

You can start goat farming only after receiving the following list of documents:

• company registration certificate;
• notification that the taxpayer has registered with the Federal Tax Service;
• act of ownership of a plot of land (or right to lease);
• document on assigning a cadastral number to the land;
• technical passport for the farm premises;
• certificate of lease or ownership rights to production premises;
• conclusion of the environmental inspection;
• fire inspection report;
• certificate, declaration of conformity of product quality;
• sanitary and epidemiological conclusion for dairy products.

Without obtaining all permits, production cannot begin

Recruitment

Typically, the business owner takes on the functions of director. You will also have to hire a full-time accountant or resort to outsourcing. The same applies to a veterinarian - the enterprise will have its own specialist or you need to enter into an agreement with a third-party company.

For a farm with 300 heads of livestock, it is advisable to hire:

• 12 general workers;
• 12 milkmaids;
• 6 packers;
• 2 equipment;
• 4 loaders;
• 2 drivers;
• 2 cleaners.

Large enterprises will have to hire staff

Search for sales channels

Unprocessed milk is almost impossible to sell - there are few dairy factories in the country that are ready to work with goat milk. There are only three large factories that agree to purchase raw materials.

In the first stages, raw milk and meat can be sold in local markets. With the organization and achievement of large production volumes, we can talk about concluding contracts with food retail chains. Goat meat is rarely sold in stores - you need to try to conclude an agreement with the restaurant.

Marketing plan for organizing a goat farm

To successfully start a business, it is worth developing a loyal customer base who are ready to buy milk every day. Next, you should start studying the principles of work and receiving products for further sale in local markets. It will probably be possible to organize the delivery of goods to hospitals and sanatoriums. As the farmer gains experience, he can move on and enter into agreements with retail chains.

Such a scheme will first allow you to understand the production processes, accustom the animals to the daily routine, study their habits, give them time to get used to and grow up. Stable production, at which it will be possible to plan the volume of milk produced, will appear in two months, or even in a year. It is better to sign contracts with legal entities when production reaches full capacity, otherwise penalties may be imposed for short deliveries of the agreed volumes of dairy products.

In general, if the price of the product sold is lower than the cost of imported dairy products, increased demand for goat farm products is expected due to the almost complete absence of competition.

Financial plan for a goat farming business

According to goat breeding business owners and financial experts, only a dairy farm with at least 300 goats will be profitable if you save on staff and involve family members in the work. At the same time, having its own processing production gives the company a chance to gain a foothold in the market. It is expensive to process small volumes of milk, and you have to additionally process purchased cow's milk.

We will analyze the financial side of a purely goat farm that produces milk, meat and wool.

Calculation of initial investment

Business in agriculture requires large investments. Setting up one goat place costs about 120,000 rubles, if we talk about a farm designed for processing raw milk and producing dairy products. We will assume that the land was purchased and the goat farm was built, so we eliminate the rental costs.

Organizing a goat farm requires large investments, but with the right approach, the investment will certainly pay off

Table: calculation of the amount of initial investment

Expense item	Amount (rub.)
State fee for registration of individual entrepreneurs (LLC) (excluding letterhead, seal, electronic signature, lawyer’s services)	800 (4000)
Purchase of a plot of land with the possibility of connecting communications (minimum 2 hectares, if you do not grow green fodder yourself)	15 million depending on region
Buying or building a farm	36 million (at the rate of 120 thousand per goat place)
Purchase of equipment for a mini-farm (rakes, forks, milking machines, cans, shipping containers)	800 thousand (based on 300 heads)
Purchase of equipment for a large enterprise (milk receivers, equipment, agricultural machinery)	10 million
Purchase of young animals:
in Russia; in Europe.	12 million; 14 million
Feed costs for the first month:	900,000 (in winter - hay, in summer - sowing grass)
Vaccination	30 000
Salaries	1 000 000
Insurance deductions: Individual entrepreneur for himself in 2019; 30% of the salary fund.	27 990; 300 000.
Payment of utility services	200 000
Transport and equipment maintenance costs	50 000
Taxes	900,000 (if you select the simplified taxation system “Income” with a tax rate of 6%)

Unforeseen expenses may also arise - equipment breakdown, mass extinction of livestock, etc.

Calculation of fixed costs

When calculating monthly costs, you need to take into account that about 100 thousand rubles are spent on heating per season. In winter, half a man-day is spent clearing snow from the farm area. In the spring-summer period, the largest part of the revenue comes from the sale of milk, while in the autumn-winter period the sale of hard cheeses helps out - we will not take into account the specifics in the calculations.

Table: calculation of fixed cost items

Industry problems

One of the technological problems of goat breeding is the pronounced seasonality of mating (insemination) of goats - from August to early December. 60% of all goats are covered in September and October. It is possible to inseminate part of the herd from March to early April. Hormonal stimulation is not common in Russia due to its low effectiveness, complexity and high cost.

There are also problems with government regulation of goat farms. The insurance premium for occupational accidents associated with working with goats is set at 4.5%, while for working with cows it is only 2%.

Importing biological products of cows (sperm of breeding animals) from abroad is not difficult either in a documentary or technical sense, which cannot be said about goats.

The benefits of goat's milk have been proven: it does not cause allergies in children, and sanitary rules allow the inclusion of goat's milk in the menu of preschool institutions. But instructions in kindergartens directly prohibit its purchase - it will not be possible to conclude an agreement with them.

Finally, expanding production to export to Europe is extremely difficult.

Calculation of possible income

Due to the sanctions imposed against Russia, the import of many imported types of cheese became impossible, and therefore the production of cheese products within the country became more profitable - their prices increased significantly. The devaluation of the ruble guaranteed the closure of the Russian market from imports of products even after the lifting of sanctions. Thus, the price of one kilogram of cheese in stores has reached the level of 2000–2500 rubles, and a farmer can sell them his product at a price of 1000 rubles per kilogram.

Table: estimated income from sales of goat farm products

Let's calculate the possible income of a goat farm of 300 dairy goats (we don't count goats), specializing in the production of raw milk. 100 goats are slaughtered for meat annually. Along the way, the company sells goat fluff and manure. Let's take revenue for a period of 1 year.

Dairy goats produce an average of 700 liters of milk per year. Raw milk is sold at 65 rubles per liter.

700 l x 65 rub./l. x 300 goats = 13,650,000 rubles.

One goat gives birth to 2 kids per year (300 goats - 600 kids). 100 goats weighing 65 kg each will be slaughtered. The price of 1 kg of meat is 65 rubles.

100 goats x 65 kg x 65 rubles/kg = 422,500 rubles.

Dairy goats, not downy. This means that you can only comb out 300 g of fluff from a goat per year. The cost of 1 kg of fluff is 40 rubles.

300 goats x 0.3 kg x 40 rubles/kg = 3,600 rubles.

One goat produces 3.25 kg of manure per day.

300 goats x 3.25 kg/day x 365 days = 355,875 kg/year.

355,875 kg: 50 kg x 100 rubles = 711,750 rubles.

Total revenue: 14,787,850 rubles.

Remember that this is only revenue, not net profit.

Assessing the economic efficiency of a business

If you focus on the possibility of receiving government subsidies, serious production can be brought to the break-even point, and then to achieving profit. In some regions of Russia, local authorities actively subsidize the dairy industry; there are compensations:

• for keeping livestock;
• for the purchase of equipment;
• parts of the interest rate;
• for the purchase of livestock;
• for the cost of obtaining 1 liter. milk (in the case of goat milk, compensation reaches 9–11 rubles per liter).

The state can compensate on average up to 15% of initial costs.

Table: calculating the profit of a goat farm for 300 heads

As we were able to see, having a herd of 300 goats and processing only the raw materials of your own farm is not enough to start making a profit. Expenses and revenues are almost equal. It is necessary to either buy more livestock or purchase milk (goat or cow) from outside in order for production to start at full capacity - this will also reduce the cost of production. Government subsidies are necessary for the survival of such businesses.

A goat farm is a relatively “fast” business. A goat is ready to breed at 14 months and in most cases gives birth to two kids, while a cow gives milk from 2.5 years and gives birth to only one calf. The devaluation of the ruble and the food embargo have led to an increase in the price of goat cheese, and there is little competition in this market segment. Organizing a goat farm is a profitable business, but only on the condition that a large number of livestock are purchased, your own dairy production is opened, and the farmer has knowledge regarding the management of this type of livestock farming or the ability to hire a specialist.

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