Until recently, the dairy industry in Russia could be described as being in a negative state, with a reduction in production and a drop in the quality of dairy products. But recently there has been positive dynamics and growth in the dairy industry as a whole, the situation is improving. Some retail chains have begun to more often enter into cooperation agreements with Russian farmers, since they both produce and process milk. Residents of our country also began to eat more food from their country, local ones and monitor their health.

That is, the demand for dairy products has increased, and the number of people wishing to start a farm has increased. At the same time, the demand for raw milk in our country is still greater than the supply. In Russia, milk production was considered profitable for large dairy complexes.

But the shortage of raw materials turned the attention of processors to small producers, while their prices are not inflated and the quality of the goods is high.

To assess the prospects of opening a farm, you need to consider the main important points and draw up a business plan for a dairy farm.

The amount of investment depends on the planned scale of production; it is advisable to open a dairy farm if you have at least 250 heads of cattle. After all, even if there are fewer of them, you will have to invest a decent amount, about 5.5 million rubles, on equipment and arrangement of premises. It will be necessary to build a functional livestock complex and select qualified and experienced personnel in agriculture.

You can draw up a business plan for a dairy farm yourself or order it from professionals.

Milk market

Milk is a strategically important product; its consumption should be approximately 450-500 kg per year per person. In practice, milk consumption is 2 times less than normal. According to experts, the dairy market is growing by 2-3% every year.

From other countries, milk is imported to us mainly only from Belarus. At the same time, our milk processing capacity is only 70% occupied.

Among the Russian regions, the leaders in milk production are Tataria, Bashkiria, Altai, Krasnodar Territory, and Rostov Region.

How to write a dairy farm business plan

To draw up a business plan for a dairy farm, you need to study the demand for future products, what trends there are in the market, what support programs exist for dairy producers and pay attention to such complexes that are already successfully operating.

In general, when organizing a farm, you need to focus on modern technologies and processes for keeping cows, and their mechanization.

The profitability of the dairy business can be increased through the use of succulent and high-quality feed, mechanized and robotic equipment that automates milk yield accounting and cooling.

Modern machines automatically wash the products and disinfect them, all of which results in high-quality milk.

Market analysis

Among the main competitors of Russian dairy farms are large import companies that control some large market segments.

Despite the fact that there is now a fairly large selection and assortment of dairy products on the market, this should not scare a new market participant; a businessman can find a niche for his dairy products.

The main thing is to find a middle ground and combine high quality products, affordable prices for consumers, and nice packaging.

High competition for the manufacturer of perishable products comes from large enterprises that produce and place their products in packaging that increases the shelf life of the goods. There is also a problem in working with chain stores and their monopolization of the market. And quite high demands are placed on the quality of dairy products and their labeling.

All these conditions force a large and local manufacturer to buy modern and not cheap equipment for packaging goods, for applying bar codes to the packaging of goods. Not everyone and not always can bear such costs.

After proper production and packaging of the product, it needs to be sold. Selling dairy products through large retail chains is also not easy.

To do this, you first need to make a fairly large entry fee, payment for the goods is made with a delay of twenty days, and goods that are not sold on time are returned.

But even taking into account all the difficulties, opening your own dairy farming business is quite profitable and attractive. Because the state is currently trying to restore this type of business in Russia so that there is import substitution, and for this it is creating help and support for farmers.

How to draw up a production plan for creating a dairy farm

In order to create and organize the production of a dairy business, you need to understand and formulate the main stages. This:

There are certain requirements for the premises; it must have several departments - maternity, milking, a department where calves and dairy cows will live.

You need to select and buy modern and high-tech equipment for production on a dairy farm; ultimately, this will help save on production, because high-quality goods will be produced according to modern requirements and standards.

To work on modern equipment, qualified employees are needed; saving on this can lead to even greater costs.

Drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm

When drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm and planning expenses and income, you need to pay attention to periods when there are normal expenses but no income.

For example, animals always need to buy food, pay for utilities, and cows cannot be milked.

Therefore, it would be correct to form reserve capital in advance, because other circumstances may arise, for example, illness.

You can try to save money yourself by preparing feed and organizing retail sales of milk, and this is more profitable than selling milk as a raw material.

When planning a financial plan for a dairy farm, you need to know what options you will have:

• industrial farm , this is the presence of 50, 100 or 200 heads of livestock. On such a scale, it is possible to receive a good income, and the initial investment will be significant, since such a business will require modern and functional equipment, automated equipment, a large plot of land, and a large number of animals.

To purchase a modern milking and dairy unit, a calf barn for animals, you will need approximately 6-7 million rubles.

It is worth saying that by purchasing expensive equipment right away, you can save significantly on paying employee salaries.

When purchasing cows, you will have to pay approximately 30-40 thousand rubles for each, depending on the breed of livestock and the availability of the necessary vaccinations.

If you make an estimate for a quantity of one hundred heads, then you will need to pay about 2.5-4 million rubles for the herd.

How to Organize a Startup Schedule for a Dairy Farm

Before opening a dairy farm, you need to register, for example, as a peasant farm.

Usually, with this form, we are talking about opening a family business, when one person becomes the head of the farm, the rest as members and employees of the farm.

The process of opening a dairy farm consists of the following steps:

1. Development of a business plan. Duration – 1 month.
2. Registration of an enterprise.
3. Search for the required premises.
4. Purchasing animals and food for them.
5. Purchase of equipment.
6. Search for channels for selling products.
7. Start of operation of a dairy farm.
8. Drawing up a marketing plan and searching for a sales market

The development of any project implies the presence of a sales market and a clear understanding of the future product range.

You can organize the sale of manufactured products in the following ways:

At the beginning of the farm, when milk production is still inconsistent, you can sell goods in small markets and hire employees for this.

Risks

There is a demand for milk in the Russian dairy market, so you can find a niche for your product. If the product provides good competition, then imported goods can be pushed out of the market.

However, in the process of work, you need to take into account various risks that will need to be overcome in order for the financial situation to be stable.

First of all, this price risks in the production and sale of milk, the cost of purchasing feed and paying labor. The dairy business itself is risky; if there is a drought or, on the contrary, too much moisture, this can seriously undermine the financial situation of the farmer.

Eat financial, political and labor risks . This, for example, is the constant availability of money to pay bills, own funds. This characterizes the farmer's solvency.

Risks accompany uncertainty, unpredictability and instability in different situations. And, of course, it cannot be completely avoided, but we must strive.

Organizing a dairy business requires an investment of money and effort, especially at the initial stage it will be difficult. Gradually, the work process will improve, and the income will be stable, and over time it will be possible to increase production.

Currently, agriculture is, of course, not at the peak of its development, but at least at the beginning of its recovery. This is facilitated, in particular, by the increased attention of the state, which has promised to allocate billions of rubles to farmers. And, of course, no matter what crisis strikes, people will always want to eat, which means agriculture is a profitable business, regardless of external conditions. And farming as a business idea will always be relevant.

It is logical that in this regard, many Russians have recently paid attention to the village and those associated with it. Someone decided to sow wheat, someone decided to provide the country with domestic vegetables and potatoes, and others started raising cattle. It is the latter type of business that is developing most intensively today. Suffice it to remember that new mini-farms are constantly opening in dozens of regions and the state supports their owners in every possible way. It's about how to open mini dairy farm, we will tell you, and the experts of the Agromoltekhnika company, which is a leading supplier of agricultural equipment, will help us with this.

Dairy equipment from the catalog

What kind of animal?

First, let's figure out what a mini-farm is and how it differs from a regular one.

Firstly, the mini-farm is much smaller than the classic one, as the name suggests. In our case, this is not only the area of ​​the farm, but also the number of heads of cattle.

Secondly, maintenance of a mini-farm, as a rule, does not require additional personnel. Usually all work is carried out by one family, which owns the farm.

Thirdly, the cost of opening a mini-farm is much lower than a regular one. At the same time, it is a springboard into big business. Judge for yourself: on such a farm it is possible to test out all the technologies with minimal risk, so that by the time it reaches production another level of business for you there were no blind spots in the industry.

What and how much?

So, what do you need to open a mini-farm? This is, of course, a desire. In addition, you need a plot of land of sufficient size, preferably with communications. And, of course, you need money. We'll tell you how much a little later.

For greater detail and clarity, consider the project of a mini-farm for 50 heads, which proposes to implement company "Agromoltekhnika". To construct such a facility, a land plot of at least a thousand square meters will be required. It is necessary to build a large hangar on it, where the animals will be kept. If desired, several additional administrative buildings can be built next to the hangar, although such premises are provided inside the hangar.

If we talk about the exact dimensions of the hangar in which the animals and all equipment will be placed, then it is 15 meters wide, 65 meters long, the pitch between the frame arcs is three meters. The height of this structure, in accordance with the project of the Agromoltekhnika company, is six meters, the floor area is 975 square meters.

What is important is that the entire dairy mini-farm is essentially located in this hangar. This is a feed department, sectors for calves of different ages, a dry cow sector, a milking parlor and a service room. The cost of such a hangar-farm, supplied by the Agromoltekhnika company on a turnkey basis, is 5,800,000 rubles, including the installation of the foundation and floor.

Naturally, the matter is not limited to one hangar. After all, you can’t let cows into empty rooms! Therefore, the farmer additionally needs to purchase a lot of special equipment. These are stalls, rubber carpeting, drinking bowls, various fences, brushes, ventilation curtains, a milk cooling tank, a maternity ward, and so on.

Fortunately, the Agromoltekhnika company has all this. Therefore, when opening a mini-farm, you do not need to run around to several suppliers, ordering the necessary equipment from different places. After all, you can get everything in one place, at very affordable prices and with a guarantee.

As a result, a complete set of equipment for opening a mini-dairy farm will cost 5,400,000 rubles. Together with the hangar, the cost of launching a mini-dairy farm is 11,200,000 rubles.

The amount, of course, is not small. But it's worth it. And now it will become clear why.

We count profits

So, on average, one cow produces 5,000 liters of milk per year. However, in advanced farms, the annual milk yield per cow is 9,000 liters of milk per year. Thus, it turns out that on average 50 cows will produce 250,000 liters of milk per year. Naturally, if the owner shows himself well and reaches a higher level of productivity, the volumes will increase, but we will focus on the average.

On average, a Russian farmer sells milk to wholesalers for 14 rubles, but this figure varies depending on the region and time of year. But even if we take the “average temperature in the hospital,” we get the annual revenue of a mini-dairy farm in no way less than 3,500,000 rubles.

The cost of annual maintenance of one cow in Russia in 2010 was 15,000 rubles. If we take the mini-farm we are describing, then its owner will spend 750,000 rubles a year on maintaining animals.

Using simple mathematical calculations, we find that a mini-dairy farm will pay for itself in four years. But we must take into account that the owner of such an enterprise can not only deliver milk to factories, but also process it himself, sell and produce other dairy products, the production of which does not require large expenses. In this case, the enterprise will pay off faster.

***
As you can see, opening a mini-dairy farm is a very attractive and interesting business, even if it requires significant initial investments. But keep in mind that not all companies with similar start-up capital can boast a 4-year payback, and do not forget about the support that mini-farm owners everywhere receive from the state.

Dear readers, this article was written and published in 2011. The information contained herein may be out of date.

The most popular food product, which is also very beneficial for the body, is milk and various products made from it. Dairy raw materials are also widely used in the food industry. That is why the number of new dairy farms is growing, and government financial assistance helps farmers develop. If an entrepreneur decides to open his own business in this direction, he will need to understand what a dairy farm business plan is and draw it up without missing a single point.

Is it possible to make a profit from farming?

Every person involved in business understands perfectly well that food products, especially high-quality ones, have always been and remain the most popular goods for consumers. It is not surprising that many citizens began to carefully calculate the profit that could actually be obtained in the village. The following types of farming can be developed:

• grow vegetables;
• sow fields with cereals and wheat;
• raise cattle.

The last point is rapidly developing in the country, and the state is trying in every possible way to support cow owners. However, to open your own dairy farm, you need to know some important nuances.

What is a mini dairy farm?

To start raising cattle on your small farm, you need to initially understand what this facility is and what differences it provides from a regular enterprise:

1. A small dairy farm allows you to reduce the area of ​​the farm, that is, you need to buy a spacious plot or rent huge barns.
2. To efficiently service such a dairy farm, you can do without the labor of hired workers. Care can be carried out even by the married couple who own the farm.
3. To open a small farm you do not need to spend huge amounts of money, which a full-fledged facility will definitely require.

If you have a dairy farm business plan in hand, you can even do without hiring an accountant and conduct all the business yourself.

How to make a calculation for a dairy farm

A ready-made business plan for a dairy farm can be designed to support 10, 20 heads of cows, as well as 50, 100 and even 1000 heads. In the commodity plan, not only cows are calculated, but also the goat dairy breed is taken into account, as well as a new type of livestock that is classified as “mini-meat”.

Typically, a dairy farm business plan has three main stages. The following stages can be distinguished:

1. Calculating funds for the project, searching for suppliers and contractors, choosing a product distribution system.
2. Carrying out construction and repair work on all objects located on the territory of the mini-farm. Purchasing the necessary equipment, sowing and harvesting feed that will need to be fed to cattle in the future.
3. Putting a mini-farm into operation, checking commercial products for sale, finding additional sales channels if there is an abundance of dairy products.

Drawing up a commodity production plan

To begin drawing up a commodity production plan, it is necessary to take into account certain factors:

• count the livestock on your own farm;
• prepare the premises where the cattle will be kept;
• purchase the equipment necessary for the work;
• prepare feed for cows;
• select staff if necessary.

In this material:

A business plan for a dairy farm for 20 heads requires careful adherence to all points, including market analysis and searching for sales of products. The demand for milk and dairy products is constant regardless of the season. Due to the foreign policy situation in the country in recent years, the need for domestic goods, including dairy, has sharply increased. In addition, the state’s internal policy is now aimed at developing domestic agriculture. The supply provided by existing dairy farms is not enough. We are talking not only about the receipt and sale of milk, but also other dairy products. In this regard, the dairy business will not be a loser.

Project profitability and payback period

Undoubtedly, the dairy business is a profitable business, but how much, and is this profit worth the effort? The costs of opening and developing a dairy farm will be as follows:

1. Registration of the farm in accordance with current legislation. The regional average amount that may be required varies within 50 thousand rubles.
2. Rent or construction of premises where the cattle will be located. The average cost of a month's payment for a farm will be 150 thousand rubles.
3. Repair work and subsequent disinfection. This cost item will cost approximately 300 thousand rubles.
4. Equipment costs will amount to about 1920 thousand rubles.
5. Purchase of 20 head of livestock. On average, one cow costs 40 thousand rubles. 20 heads will cost 800 thousand rubles.
6. You will have to prepare 950 thousand rubles for feed and rent of pastures.
7. On average, 165 thousand rubles will be spent on wages for workers.
8. Utility bills and taxes. Considering that the farm will be located outside the city, where the cost of housing and communal services is much lower, this expense item will average 50 thousand rubles.

Just for opening you will need an amount of 4385 thousand rubles. This is a significant investment for many entrepreneurs. It is necessary to take into account that some expenses will be repeated monthly: wages, housing and communal services, tax payments, etc. The average payback period for a dairy farm is 31 months. After this time, the farm will begin to generate a stable income.

The figures are given for a farm with a small herd of 20 heads of cattle. In order for the work and worries to be justified, it is worth opening a farm with at least 150 heads of livestock. With such a number of cows, the profit will be sufficient. The larger the herd, the greater the profit, but also the higher the initial investment. These points need to be taken into account when drawing up a business plan for a dairy farm.

Starting a business

Project development begins with the registration of the enterprise in accordance with current legislation. First you need to decide on the form of ownership of the organization - a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur. Having decided, it is necessary to formalize the organization legally. Next, a personal account is opened at the bank in the name of the entrepreneur.

The rest of the documentation is completed after renting the premises, purchasing livestock and equipment. Before the farm begins to operate, it must undergo fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological and veterinary inspections. The result of the control must be documented and kept by the owner of the company.

Before opening, you need to get your accounting in order. The accountant will have to prepare financial reporting documents that will be submitted to the relevant government agencies. This matter must be approached responsibly, since incorrectly compiled reporting may result in criminal penalties. An accountant can be hired on a permanent basis or only for reporting.

Another important document that will be drawn up during work is a report on the regular inspection of livestock by a veterinarian. The doctor can be part of the permanent staff of the farm or as a one-time employee.

After the company has been registered, you need to start looking for a place to keep livestock. The livestock may be located in the nearest suburb or far from the city. There are several scenarios for the development of events: purchasing a place on which a farm will be built, purchasing an existing but abandoned farm.

The appropriate option should be selected based on the available funds, the planned number of livestock and the time expected to open the farm. If the plot is purchased or leased, there will be costs for the construction of outbuildings. When working with an existing farm, complex work will be required to repair and disinfect it.

1. Tractor for transporting feed, manure and other household needs.
2. Mower, rakes and other equipment required for making hay.
3. A vehicle for delivering products to the buyer.
4. Milking machines.
5. Mini-workshop for processing milk into various dairy products. Its acquisition can be excluded if there are not enough funds for it.
6. Equipment for obtaining and processing milk.

When buying cattle, you need to pay attention to its breed. You should not save on this point, since cows of an expensive breed, as a rule, produce high-quality milk, which can be set at a high price.

You can additionally organize the breeding and sale of young purebred calves.

To feed the cows, pastures are rented and special concentrated feed and hay are purchased.

The costs of keeping cows include their insemination and periodic examination, and treatment by a veterinarian.

Dairy farming is a win-win idea. With sufficient start-up capital and patience, you can achieve constant and increasing profits.

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Reviews (23)

A dairy farm business plan designed by professionals will help you cope with the difficulties that may arise when starting such a business. Milk is a popular food product; it is priceless for children, and adults cannot do without this healthy product for long. Therefore, milk production with a competent approach will certainly allow you to withdraw dividends from this profitable endeavor.

Having studied the information on organizing milk production, you will have the opportunity to obtain and process this product for the production of kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese and other vital food dairy products. Milk processing is often the top priority for a farm, and care should be taken in selecting livestock, avoiding inbreeding, and following the rules for running this type of farm.

This information on organizing a dairy plant is intended for entrepreneurs who are not afraid of undertakings and will be able to organize a profitable business, providing the population with fresh, environmentally friendly milk and dairy products, gradually increasing milk yield. Milking machines, high-quality drinking bowls, balanced feed and acceptable conditions for keeping livestock will increase the profitability of dairy production ventures.

The presented sample document on organizing dairy production will increase your chances of success in the agricultural segment of dairy cattle breeding. You will be able to clearly navigate when making organizational, financial, and administrative decisions. The specifics of this agricultural enterprise require the careful selection of qualified personnel, but it is necessary in modern conditions and will certainly bring you additional profit.

As an analysis of the domestic dairy products market shows, the share of goods from Russian producers is gradually increasing, but still remains insufficient. Meanwhile, opportunities for entrepreneurs who decide to invest money in the development of the agricultural industry are expanding. There are also risks that sometimes turn dairy farming into a kind of lottery.

Today, an entrepreneur planning to build a business in milk production has two main ways to start his own business: build a dairy farm from scratch or buy out an old livestock complex and bring it to life. The second option is preferable in terms of the timing of obtaining the necessary documentation.

The fact is that when building a farm from scratch, paperwork can drag on for a year or even more. Reconstruction of the existing complex simplifies the process of obtaining permits; as a result, this can be completed in 2-3 months. This suggests that in this case it is more profitable to buy an old farm and make repairs to it than to get involved in the construction of a new barn.

Domestic farmers are entitled to certain government subsidies for business development. And yet you should rely, first of all, on your own strength. As a rule, starting a dairy business requires large-scale capital investments. Specific figures depend on what funds will be required for the reconstruction of the livestock complex, land lease and the purchase of breeding livestock. You can start with a herd of 200-300 heads, increasing production volumes as your business develops.

As a rule, most entrepreneurs simultaneously produce milk and process it. Pasteurized milk from farmers is in high demand, and such products can be actively supplied to nearby regions. The return on investment for a mini-dairy is usually quite high, provided you can negotiate with local traders. The business of delivering village milk can bring very good profits, since the quality of such products largely satisfies the demand of domestic consumers.

When planning to open their own business - a dairy - entrepreneurs have to decide one more important question: what breed of cows to breed on their farm. Most farmers prefer the Holstein breed. But it should be taken into account that such cows are more demanding in terms of housing and feeding conditions, in contrast to locally bred livestock. In any case, a high-quality feed supply is one of the key elements of the complex’s functioning. It is best to prepare most of the feed yourself, which will significantly reduce the cost of dairy products.

When organizing the business of production, processing and delivery of dairy products, do not forget about the need to use a document such as a professional example of a dairy farm business plan with ready-made calculations. A competent business project is designed for a dairy farm of 200-300 animals, but based on the available data, you can easily adapt this document to your personal needs, regardless of the size of the herd.

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